Analysis of the Effects on Distribution Networks of Energy Sharing by Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Germany: Simulation Results and Cross-Sector Overview of Potential

Energy sharing among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) may improve local use of distributed renewable generation and flexibility, but its effects on distribution grids remain uncertain under participant-oriented rather than grid-optimized dispatch. This study assesses the grid impacts and economic implications of participant-oriented energy sharing for a 2024 reference scenario and a highly electrified 2045 stress-test scenario. The analysis uses measured load profiles from SMEs in sectors covering a 30-day period from 15 October to 15 November. The results therefore represent an autumn-specific comparison rather than annual estimates. For both scenarios, grid operation without energy sharing is compared with participant-oriented energy sharing, and the resulting time series are evaluated in a separate load-flow simulation. Grid impacts are assessed using asset utilization, power flows, and aging-related operating costs. In 2024, energy sharing caused no significant adverse grid effects and reduced aging-related operating costs by 5.6%. In the 2045 stress-test scenario, these costs increase by 11.7%. Nevertheless, based on an energy sharing potential of 22.76 GWh, participating companies retain an economic benefit even if additional grid costs are allocated to them. The results indicate that participant-oriented energy sharing can be economically attractive, while its grid effects depend on future electrification and system conditions.