Exploring Healthcare Students’ Perspectives on Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study of Habits, Barriers and Facilitators, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Their Role as Future Health Promoters

PA is an important determinant of health and well-being; however, many university students, including healthcare students, do not achieve recommended activity levels despite their future role in health promotion. This study aimed to explore healthcare students’ perspectives on physical activity, including their habits, perceived barriers and facilitators, the relationship between physical activity and academic self-efficacy, and its role in their future professional identity. A qualitative descriptive design was applied using semi-structured individual interviews with 15 healthcare students. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase reflexive thematic analysis approach. Five interrelated themes were identified: physical activity as a resource for health, well-being, and academic functioning; academic demands shaping physical activity behavior; physical activity strengthening academic self-efficacy; physical activity as part of professional identity; and the university environment as a facilitator of physical activity. Students perceived physical activity as supporting physical and mental well-being, stress management, concentration, and daily functioning. Academic workload, limited time, fatigue, financial constraints, and motivational challenges were identified as barriers, whereas institutional support and flexible opportunities facilitated participation. Students also viewed physical activity as contributing to confidence, discipline, and their perceived credibility as future healthcare professionals. Supportive university environments may help healthcare students maintain active lifestyles and support the development of their role as health-promoting professionals.