Durable Carbon Dots/TiO2 Functionalized Three-Dimensional PA6 Carpet for Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Ammonia Removal

Abstract Indoor air pollution, particularly odorous compounds like ammonia, poses a serious threat to human health, highlighting the urgent need for functional materials with efficient and durable air purification capabilities. Here, photocatalytic deodorizing polyamide 6 (PA6) fibers were functionalized with carbon dots/titanium dioxide (C-dots/TiO2) through KH560-assisted interfacial immobilization and were subsequently woven into Axminster carpets. The addition of C-dots can effectively extend the visible-light response of TiO2 and promote the generation of key reactive oxygen species (·OH and·O2–), which are crucial for oxidizing ammonia intermediates and bacterial inactivation. The photocatalytic performance of C-dots/TiO2–KH560–PA6 fibers was evaluated by investigating the effects of different concentrations of KH560 and C-dots/TiO2 on ammonia removal, thereby determining the optimal concentrations for treating PA6 fibers. The prepared functional carpet demonstrated efficient ammonia removal (85.3% in 3 h under a light initial concentration of ∼250 ppm, Lighting conditions: xenon lamp, 150 mW/cm2), excellent washing durability, and high reusability. Furthermore, the carpet exhibited potent antibacterial activity. This work presents a feasible strategy for fabricating efficient, stable, and multifunctional photocatalytic carpets, offering significant potential for improving indoor environmental quality in diverse settings.