APPLYING THE GOOD SHEPHERD MODEL TO CONTEMPORARY PASTORAL MINISTRY: EVIDENCE FROM CHRISTIAN PASTORS IN DEMSA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Pastoral leadership remains a significant concern within contemporary Christianity, particularly in contexts where pastors are expected to provide spiritual guidance, social support, and ethical direction amid complex community challenges. Although John 10:10–16 presents Jesus Christ as the Good Shepherd whose ministry is characterised by sacrificial love, relational care, protection, and the provision of abundant life, the practical application of this model among pastors in local African contexts requires further investigation. This study examines the application of the Good Shepherd model to contemporary pastoral ministry among Christian pastors in Demsa Local Government Area, Nigeria. A qualitative research approach was adopted using a descriptive design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with Christian pastors and theological leaders, while relevant biblical texts and scholarly literature provided supporting sources. The data were analysed thematically to identify patterns relating to pastoral understanding, application, challenges, and strategies for effective shepherd leadership. The findings reveal that pastors understand the Good Shepherd model primarily through sacrificial service, pastoral care, discipleship, spiritual oversight, and ethical accountability. However, its practical expression is affected by limited theological training, economic pressures, inadequate accountability systems, insecurity, and denominational fragmentation. The study concludes that the Good Shepherd model remains a relevant framework for strengthening pastoral leadership when supported by intentional ministerial formation, collaborative leadership structures, and sustainable pastoral welfare systems. The study recommends improved theological education, stronger accountability mechanisms, and greater cooperation among churches. The study contributes to African pastoral leadership scholarship by connecting Johannine theology with the lived experiences of pastors in a rural Nigerian context.