Ultrasound Diagnosis of Umbilical Artery Thrombosis in Late Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT) is a rare but severe obstetric complication that can lead to sudden adverse pregnancy outcomes, including intrauterine growth restriction and fetal demise. Prenatal diagnosis relies on ultrasound, but the condition is prone to being missed and requires differentiation from a single umbilical artery. This article reports a case of UAT diagnosed by ultrasound and confirmed by cesarean section at the First Hospital of Nanchang. Combined with a literature review, the etiology, differential diagnosis, and sonographic features of UAT are summarized to remind sonographers to standardize image acquisition and improve awareness of UAT, thereby reducing the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.