Gastrobronchial fistula six years after sleeve gastrectomy surgery: a case report

Abstract Background Although uncommon, a gastrobronchial fistula (GBF) is a significant and potentially life-threatening complication that may arise following sleeve gastrectomy. Case presentation A 44-year-old Iranian woman presented with post-prandial cough and recurrent pneumonia six years after sleeve gastrectomy. She was referred to the surgery ward of Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran with suspicion of a GBF. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis. Therapeutic interventions and outcomes: A computed tomography scan (CT scan) confirmed the diagnosis, and the patient subsequently underwent surgery for the gastrobronchial fistula. Postoperatively, the patient was discharged on antibiotics with appropriate instructions. At follow-up visits one week, two weeks, and one month after surgery, the patient remained complication free and in good general condition. At the three- and six-month evaluations, respiratory function had markedly improved, with clear lung fields and no recurrence of pneumonia, indicating a successful outcome. Conclusion Although the likelihood of developing GBF decreases over time, clinicians should remain vigilant, and any symptoms suggestive of this condition should not be overlooked.