Psychosocial Safety Climate and Occupational Health Outcomes Among Lone and Non-Lone Workers in the U.S.

Objective: Examine associations between psychosocial safety climate (PSC), occupational stress, and injury risk among lone workers (LWs) and non-LWs in the United States. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of representative General Social Survey data. LWs were identified using a systematic approach. Logistic regression assessed associations between PSC and outcomes, including PSC-by-worker-type interaction terms, adjusting for demographic, health, and employment factors. Results: Each 1 SD increase in PSC was associated with 45% reduced odds of stress (OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.48–0.63) and 22% reduced odds of injury (OR=0.78, 95% CI:0.62–0.99). LWs reported lower PSC and poorer stress and injury outcomes; interactions between PSC and lone work were not statistically significant. Conclusions: LWs experience lower PSC and more stress and injury, highlighting the need for organizational-wide improvements in PSC, surveillance, and interventions to reduce occupational risks.