Circumventing the Linear Scaling Limitation in Oxygen Evolution by Metal‐Site Proton‐Acceptor‐Assisted Deprotonation

ABSTRACT Oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts following the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) exhibit exceptional structural stability, but the activity is inherently constrained by the linear scaling relationship associated with single‐metal sites. Here, we propose a metal‐site proton‐acceptor‐assisted deprotonation AEM (MP‐AEM) by incorporating Pd into RuO 2 as secondary metal‐site proton acceptors to activate a novel proton‐transfer pathway. Theoretical calculations and operando characterizations confirm that Pd‐RuO 2 generates new intermediates, reducing the rate‐determining energy barrier by 0.41 eV. Moreover, Pd proton acceptor lowers the O─H bond dissociation barrier and optimizes the hydrogen‐bond network, thereby accelerating the deprotonation kinetics. Furthermore, reduced Ru valence and weakened Ru─O covalency inhibit Ru oxidative dissolution and the lattice‐oxygen‐mediated mechanism. The Pd‐RuO 2 applied in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) requires only 1.55 V @ 1 A cm −2 and shows 15‐fold higher stability than pure RuO 2 . This work establishes an innovative pathway and insight for designing highly efficient PEMWEs catalysts.

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Publication Details

Journal
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Published
2026-09-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.3610719
Primary Topic
Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
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article
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article

Circumventing the Linear Scaling Limitation in Oxygen Evolution by Metal‐Site Proton‐Acceptor‐Assisted Deprotonation

Linbo Jiang, Jixiang Jiao, Shichun C. Mu, Junxin Duan et al.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
article

Circumventing the Linear Scaling Limitation in Oxygen Evolution by Metal‐Site Proton‐Acceptor‐Assisted Deprotonation

Linbo Jiang, Jixiang Jiao, Shichun C. Mu, Junxin Duan, Bingqing Tian, Guozhuang Li, Hongyu Zhao, Ding Chen, Ying Dong, Xu Luo
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts following the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) exhibit exceptional structural stability, but the activity is inherently constrained by the linear scaling relationship associated with single‐metal sites. Here, we propose a metal‐site proton‐acceptor‐assisted deprotonation AEM (MP‐AEM) by incorporating Pd into RuO 2 as secondary metal‐site proton acceptors to activate a novel proton‐transfer pathway. Theoretical calculations and operando characterizations confirm that Pd‐RuO 2 generates new intermediates, reducing the rate‐determining energy barrier by 0.41 eV. Moreover, Pd proton acceptor lowers the O─H bond dissociation barrier and optimizes the hydrogen‐bond network, thereby accelerating the deprotonation kinetics. Furthermore, reduced Ru valence and weakened Ru─O covalency inhibit Ru oxidative dissolution and the lattice‐oxygen‐mediated mechanism. The Pd‐RuO 2 applied in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) requires only 1.55 V @ 1 A cm −2 and shows 15‐fold higher stability than pure RuO 2 . This work establishes an innovative pathway and insight for designing highly efficient PEMWEs catalysts.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition
University of Science and Technology of China (CN), Wuhan University of Technology (CN), Wuhan University (CN), Wuhan University of Science and Technology (CN)
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 28%
Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
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