Fungal Infections: Review for Practitioners

Abstract Purpose of Review We will review select aspects of clinical presentation, epidemiology, initial diagnostic testing, prophylaxis and treatment of important fungal infections. Both superficial and invasive mycoses will be discussed. Recent Findings Multiple new diagnostic tests for fungal infections, including serology-based, molecular-based, and next generation sequencing tools, are emerging. Novel treatments include both testing new molecules and repurposing old pharmaceuticals for antifungal activity. Awareness is increasing of the importance of timely diagnosis and aggressive treatment of fungal ocular disease. Recent papers highlight the association between severe viral diseases, including COVID-19, and invasive fungal infections and the potential for sexual spread of certain kinds of dermatophytoses. Summary The growing burden of fungal infections, along with the emergence of novel pathogens and resistance to existing antifungal agents, make it important for clinicians to stay informed of new approaches in prophylaxis, diagnosis and management of fungal disease.