MOLECULAR ATLAS OF AGING. META-GROUP 18. EXOSOMES AND EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES: MESSENGERS OF AGING THAT CARRY SIGNALS THROUGHOUT THE BODY. INTEGRATIVE APPROACH IN THE CONTEXT OF META-MEDIUM THEORY AND META-REGULATORS

{"Relevance.":[0],"Exosomes":[1,203,305],"and":[2,28,44,64,86,100,117,140,174,189,192,212,242,252,270,297,306,324,349],"extracellular":[3,118,267,307],"vesicles":[4,119,308],"(ECI)":[5],"are":[6,18,309],"nano-sized":[7],"(30–150":[8],"nm)":[9],"membrane":[10],"particles":[11],"secreted":[12],"by":[13,223],"all":[14],"cell":[15,182,256,259,328],"types.":[16],"They":[17],"key":[19],"messengers":[20],"of":[21,36,41,47,61,115,124,130,152,158,170,228,273,286,294,299,313,318,337,346],"cell-to-cell":[22],"communication,":[23],"transporting":[24],"proteins,":[25,85,99],"lipids,":[26],"mRNA,":[27],"microRNAs.":[29],"In":[30],"youth,":[31],"they":[32,58],"provide":[33],"the":[34,39,45,48,121,147,156,168,271,310,335,344],"transmission":[35],"rejuvenating":[37],"signals,":[38,66],"removal":[40],"cellular":[42,291],"debris,":[43],"regulation":[46],"immune":[49],"response.":[50],"However,":[51],"with":[52,166,226],"age,":[53,167],"their":[54,175],"profile":[55],"changes":[56,70,143],"dramatically:":[57],"become":[59],"carriers":[60],"pro-inflammatory,":[62],"pro-apoptotic,":[63],"aging":[65,179,322],"turning":[67],"local":[68,134],"age-related":[69,113,142],"into":[71,136],"systemic":[72,138,150,323,332],"aging.":[73],"Senescence-associated":[74],"secretory":[75],"phenotype":[76],"(SASP)":[77],"exosomes,":[78],"pro-inflammatory":[79,93,295],"microRNAs":[80,94],"(miR-21,":[81,95],"miR-34a,":[82,96,185],"miR-146a),":[83,97],"damaged":[84,98],"mitochondrial":[87,101,206],"DNA":[88,207],"carry":[89,204],"components":[90],"SASP":[91,231],"(SASP),":[92],"DNA,":[102],"inducing":[103],"paracrine":[104],"senescence":[105,126,135,199],"in":[106,200,249,254,266],"healthy":[107,350],"target":[108,201],"cells.":[109,202],"Aim.":[110],"To":[111,145],"present":[112],"dysregulation":[114],"exosomes":[116,172,183,260],"as":[120],"eighteenth":[122,311],"level":[123,312],"molecular":[125,314],"—":[127],"a":[128,137,246,316],"system":[129,317],"\\"couriers\\"":[131],"that":[132,165,320],"turn":[133],"process":[139],"make":[141,321],"\\"contagious\\".":[144],"substantiate":[146],"need":[148],"for":[149,343],"restoration":[151,285],"exosomal":[153],"balance":[154,288],"through":[155,289,334],"tuning":[157],"meta-regulators.":[159],"Results.":[160],"It":[161],"has":[162],"been":[163],"shown":[164],"number":[169],"circulating":[171],"increases,":[173],"contents":[176],"shift":[177],"towards":[178],"signals.":[180],"Senescent":[181,258],"transmit":[184,325],"which":[186,194,197,209],"suppresses":[187,195],"SIRT1":[188],"activates":[190,210],"p53,":[191],"miR-21,":[193],"PTEN,":[196],"induces":[198],"aberrant":[205],"(mtDNA),":[208],"cGAS-STING":[211],"inflammation.":[213],"Proteomic":[214],"analysis":[215],"revealed":[216],"more":[217],"than":[218],"1300":[219],"exosome":[220,287,300],"proteins":[221],"released":[222],"senescent":[224,255],"cells,":[225],"52":[227],"them":[229],"being":[230],"factors,":[232],"including":[233],"serine":[234],"protease":[235],"inhibitors":[236],"(serpines),":[237],"prothrombin,":[238],"factor":[239],"V":[240],"clotting,":[241],"Reelin.":[243],"Lipidomics":[244],"showed":[245],"significant":[247],"increase":[248],"phosphatidylcholines,":[250],"phosphatidylethanolamines,":[251],"sphingomyelins":[253],"exosomes.":[257],"were":[261],"found":[262],"to":[263,275,283,329],"be":[264],"involved":[265],"matrix":[268],"remodeling":[269],"spread":[272],"inflammation":[274],"distant":[276],"tissues.":[277],"A":[278],"multimodal":[279],"approach":[280],"(Quatotron":[281],"technique)":[282],"physiological":[284],"reduced":[290],"aging,":[292,315],"suppression":[293],"secretion,":[296],"modulation":[298],"composition":[301],"was":[302],"proposed.":[303],"Conclusion.":[304],"\\"messengers\\"":[319],"it":[326],"from":[327],"cell.":[330],"Their":[331],"recovery":[333],"control":[336],"meta-regulators":[338],"opens":[339],"up":[340],"new":[341],"opportunities":[342],"prevention":[345],"age-associated":[347],"diseases":[348],"longevity.":[351]}