South African diagnostic radiographers' perspectives on gender-sensitive practices: A qualitative study

Introduction Gender-sensitive practice is a component of equitable, patient-centred care, requiring healthcare providers to recognise how gender identity and sociocultural norms shape clinical experiences and outcomes. In diagnostic radiography, examinations frequently involve close physical contact, disrobing, and exposure of private body areas, heightening patient vulnerability. However, empirical evidence on diagnostic radiographers' gender-sensitive practice remains limited, particularly within South Africa's pluralistic and historically unequal healthcare context. Therefore, this study aimed to understand diagnostic radiographers' perspectives on gender-sensitive practices. Methods A qualitative research approach with an exploratory and descriptive research design was used. Data were collected through individual semi-structured online interviews with 24 diagnostic radiographers recruited via social media across seven of the nine South African provinces and underwent descriptive analysis. Results Two themes, each with associated subthemes, were developed. The first theme, conceptualising gender sensitivity within binary structures, encompassed an understanding of gender sensitivity, sociocultural gender and sexuality binaries, and heteronormative design. The second theme, gender diversity in clinical encounters, captured the gender-related complexities in clinical encounters and participants' recommendations for inclusive and affirming practice. Conclusions South African diagnostic radiographers practise within structurally binary environments that contribute to the misgendering of patients. Clinical uncertainty regarding address and pregnancy screening reflects the absence of guidance. Findings emphasise the need for inclusive and affirming administration and standardised guidance tailored to South Africa to support gender-sensitive practice in medical imaging. Implications for practice Medical imaging departments should review their administrative procedures to ensure they reflect inclusive and affirming practice and provide required training for radiographers.