Electrospun membranes based on cellulose nanomaterials for advanced water treatment applications

Access to safe drinking water remains a major challenge, especially in regions lacking centralized treatment. Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) offer renewable, biodegradable options for membranes with improved hydrophilicity, strength, and fouling resistance. This review summarizes cellulose extraction, CNM production, and membrane fabrication methods, emphasizing electrospinning as a versatile strategy for multifunctional water treatment. CNM-based electrospun membranes show strong promise, though broader adoption requires sustainable solvents, scalable production, and cost-effective manufacturing innovations.