Exploring road users’ perceptions of fatbikes and riders’ behaviours in the Netherlands: Implications for public acceptability

Fatbikes, electric fat-tire bicycles, are increasingly visible in the Netherlands. Although fatbikes are classified within the broader electric bicycle (e-bike) category, fatbikes may be perceived as a distinct and riskier mobility mode than conventional e-bikes. As this perception can affect public acceptability, it creates a challenge for their integration into urban mobility systems. Yet empirical evidence on the perceptions and acceptability of fatbikes remains limited. This study examines Dutch road users’ perceptions of fatbike riders and their behaviour, and how these perceptions are associated with the public acceptability of fatbikes, based on an online survey of 508 respondents. Results show that fatbike riders are perceived negatively, often associated with youth and reckless riding behaviour. Compared to regular e-bike riders, fatbike riders are viewed as engaging more frequently in traffic violations and unsafe behaviours. Public acceptability of fatbikes is also considerably lower than that of e-bikes, which are perceived more neutrally. Interestingly, public transport and scooter users are more likely to view fatbikes as an alternative mode of transport. These findings suggest that policy responses need to address the behaviours and concerns that shape acceptability, rather than focus solely on the vehicle category. Policy implications, therefore, include behaviour-focused measures, such as enforcement and education to promote safe riding and prevent illegal modifications, as well as public information campaigns that clarify lawful and safe fatbike use. This study contributes to ongoing discussions on new mobility by providing empirical evidence and policy guidance for safer, more sustainable urban transportation.