Differentiating therapeutic use and potential impairment in the forensic interpretation of valsartan concentrations in road traffic offenders

Based on the presented case, general challenges in the interpretation of cardiovascular drug concentrations in the context of active participation in road traffic are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the assessment of valsartan concentrations, for which no clearly defined threshold between therapeutic and toxic ranges has been established. The case of a 59‑year‑old male who experienced a medical incident while driving enabled the identification of a valsartan concentration of 12.7 µg/mL, which was well above the expected range. Potential interactions with concomitantly administered medications are also considered.