Phospholipase A 2 : Structural Basis, Heterologous Expression, and Applications in Oil Degumming

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a class of enzymes with well-defined structural characteristics and excellent catalytic selectivity. Due to its low molecular weight, abundance of disulfide bonds, structural stability, and suitability for extracellular secretion, it holds significant application value in the oil industry. Currently, the production of PLA2 has gradually shifted from natural extraction to recombinant development, with heterologous expression research primarily focused on systems such as Escherichia coli, yeast, and filamentous fungi. PLA2 demonstrates excellent degumming performance in various vegetable oil systems and holds significant potential for development in green, efficient oil processing. This paper provides a systematic review and comprehensive analysis of PLA2 from structural characteristics and production methods to process applications, aiming to lay a theoretical foundation for the large-scale production of PLA2 and its application in oil processing.