MOLECULAR ATLAS OF AGING. META-GROUP 20. ELECTROLYTES AND ION HOMEOSTASIS: A FUNDAMENTAL SHIFT THAT MAKES THE BODY "SALTY" AND BRITTLE. INTEGRATIVE APPROACH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE THEORY OF META-ENVIRONMENTS AND META-REGULATORS

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Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22675125
Primary Topic
Magnesium in Health and Disease
Type
preprint
Controls
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preprint

MOLECULAR ATLAS OF AGING. META-GROUP 20. ELECTROLYTES AND ION HOMEOSTASIS: A FUNDAMENTAL SHIFT THAT MAKES THE BODY "SALTY" AND BRITTLE. INTEGRATIVE APPROACH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE THEORY OF META-ENVIRONMENTS AND META-REGULATORS

Лагода
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Magnesium in Health and Disease
preprint

MOLECULAR ATLAS OF AGING. META-GROUP 20. ELECTROLYTES AND ION HOMEOSTASIS: A FUNDAMENTAL SHIFT THAT MAKES THE BODY "SALTY" AND BRITTLE. INTEGRATIVE APPROACH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE THEORY OF META-ENVIRONMENTS AND META-REGULATORS

Лагода
preprint en

Abstract

Relevance. Electrolytes and ion homeostasis are the physicochemical foundation of life, on which all other biological processes are built. Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chlorine, and phosphates create membrane potential, control muscle contraction, regulate heart function, ensure the conduction of nerve impulses, and control acid-base balance. In youth, ion homeostasis is maintained with amazing accuracy. However, with age, this delicate balance is destroyed: cells lose potassium and magnesium, accumulate sodium and calcium. Tissues become "salty", stiff, and less capable of transmitting signals. In the blood, the incidence of hyponatremia and hypomagnesemia, which are associated with fragility, falls, cognitive decline, and mortality, increases. Studies show that the tissues of people over 70 years of age contain more sodium and calcium, but less potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus compared to the tissues of 30-40-year-olds. Aim. To present age-related dysregulation of electrolytes and ion homeostasis as the twentieth level of molecular aging — a fundamental physicochemical shift that turns the body into a "salty and fragile" environment in which cells cannot work properly. To substantiate the need for systemic restoration of ion homeostasis through the tuning of meta-regulators. Results. It has been shown that a fundamental redistribution of electrolytes occurs with age: tissues lose potassium and magnesium, accumulate sodium and calcium, becoming stiffer and less functional. Hypomagnesaemia is one of the most common electrolyte disorders in the elderly: in a study of 1722 patients (mean age 84 years), the incidence of hypomagnesemia was 18.1% among fragile patients versus 6.5% in the group without fragility. Hyponatremia is also associated with fragility (10.6% versus 2.4%). Multiple electrolyte abnormalities were more common in fragile patients. Hypomagnesemia was independently associated with fragility (OR: 1.63). A classic 1937 study found that tissues from people over 70 years of age contain more water, chlorine, sodium, and calcium, but less potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and ash compared to tissues from 30 to 40-year-olds. Violation of calcium homeostasis with age leads to calcification of blood vessels, joints, kidneys and intervertebral discs. A multimodal approach (Quatotron method) to the physiological restoration of ion homeostasis through the normalization of the function of the kidneys, membrane pumps and regulatory circuits has been proposed. Conclusion. Electrolytes and ion homeostasis are the twentieth level of molecular aging – the physicochemical foundation, the failure of which makes the normal functioning of any cell, any organ and any system impossible. Their systemic recovery through the control of meta-regulators opens up new opportunities for the prevention of age-associated diseases and healthy longevity.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Magnesium in Health and Disease
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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