Moringa Leaf Aqueous Extract as a Natural Antioxidant for Improving Cryopreserved Semen Quality and Fertility in Barbari Bucks

Introduction: Cryopreservation of semen is commonly linked to reduced sperm movement, compromised membrane integrity, and reduced functional capacity due to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moringa oleifera leaf extract is recognized for its powerful antioxidant capabilities, which can neutralize ROS directly or boost the function of natural antioxidant enzymes. Objective: This research was undertaken to assess the impact of incorporating moringa leaf extract into a TRIS-citrate-yolk extender on antioxidant enzyme activity, post-thaw sperm quality, and in vitro fertility in Barbari bucks. Methods: Semen samples were obtained from eight healthy bucks and divided into four treatment groups based on the concentration of moringa extract in the extender 0 mg/100 mL (Group I), 50 mg/100 mL (Group II), 100 mg/100 mL (Group III), and 200 mg/100 mL (Group IV). Following cryopreservation and thawing, the sperm samples were assessed for various quality parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, and zona binding capacity. Results: The results indicated that adding moringa extract significantly reduced ( p < 0.01) ROS generation and lipid peroxidation in all treatment groups compared with the control. Moreover, sperm motility, membrane integrity, and functional quality were better preserved in the extract-supplemented groups, with Group III showing the most notable improvement. The zona binding assay further confirmed enhanced sperm–egg interaction in the treated groups. Conclusion: The addition of moringa leaf extract to the extender effectively mitigates oxidative stress-related damage during cryopreservation and thawing, thereby improving sperm viability and fertility potential in Barbari buck semen. This method shows potential for enhancing reproductive outcomes in artificial insemination programs.