Validation and application of QuEChERS–GC-MS and ICP-OES for multiresidue analysis of pesticides and metals in Brazilian grated coconut

Abstract Grated coconut ( Cocos nucifera L. ) is a processed product widely consumed in Brazil, yet its complex matrix poses analytical challenges for multiresidue determination. This study aimed to validate and apply QuEChERS/GC–MS and ICP-OES methodologies for the analysis of pesticide residues and toxic metals in grated coconut samples. The novelty of this study lies in the combined validation and application of these multiresidue analyses in grated coconut, a matrix for which such data remain limited. Method performance was evaluated as to selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and limits of quantification (LOQs). All pesticide compounds showed satisfactory linearity (R² > 0.99), although bifenthrin, difenoconazole, and tebuconazole exhibited heteroscedasticity, and required adjusted calibration models. Recoveries ranged from 70 to 120% with relative standard deviations within acceptable limits, and LOQs (0.01–0.10 mg/kg) were below established regulatory thresholds. The validated methods demonstrated adequate sensitivity and reliability for this matrix. Application to 15 commercial samples revealed pesticide levels below LOQs, while chromium, manganese, and nickel exceeded maximum tolerated limits in some cases. A preliminary health risk assessment indicated Hazard Quotient (HQ) values below 1 for all quantified metals, suggesting low non-carcinogenic risk at the estimated consumption level (44 g/day). The findings demonstrate the suitability of the validated analytical approach for multiresidue determination in grated coconut and support food safety monitoring and regulatory surveillance of coconut-derived products, contributing to SDGs 2 (Zero Hunger), 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).