Comparative Analysis of Electric/Hybrid Vehicles Versus Vehicles Equipped with Spark-Ignition Engines

Electric cars seem to be the future of transportation, capturing a market share that can no longer be neglected. The complete transition to electromobility, like any technological shift, is not without challenges. The critical constraint remains the battery, which, despite recent significant advances, remains the primary limitation of the electric car. The paper proposes a comparison between battery electric vehicles (EVs), internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) equipped with spark-ignition engines, and hybrid electric vehicles (HVs) under different operating conditions. Given the scope of the subject, the paper presents a comparative analysis of the performance, advantages, and disadvantages of these three types of vehicles.