Correct Understanding of Electromagnetic Force

Modern physical, chemical and materials science research systems have long suffered from core problems including fragmented theories, isolated phenomena and research relying on empirical trial and error. Researchers artificially split and name the effects of one fundamental force under different scales, distances and charge coupling states into dozens of seemingly independent micro forces, which obscures the underlying physical logic behind appearances. The universe has three homologous instantaneous nonmedium fundamental interactions namely universal gravitation, electromagnetic force and strong force. All of them can realize instantaneous action without medium, yet they differ greatly in dominant action scales and physical scenarios. Universal gravitation participates in interactions of all objects at cosmic scale, but its intensity is extremely low and plays no dominant role at atomic and molecular scales. The strong force is confined to the extremely tiny scale inside atomic nuclei. The electromagnetic force spans micro and macro scales. Positive and negative charges offset each other in most ordinary macro scenarios so obvious effects do not appear. Nevertheless it serves as the actual dominant force for atoms, molecules, crystals, chemical reactions and material properties in the ordinary material world. All micro phenomena such as chemical bonds, intermolecular forces, van der Waals forces, interfacial adhesion, lattice binding energy and mechanical properties of materials are external manifestations of electromagnetic force under different coupling conditions. Universal gravitation exists everywhere and acts on all matter. Its contribution is very weak and can generally be ignored in micro chemical combination and molecular binding processes. The strong force is confined inside atomic nuclei and can hardly be directly regulated and utilized by human beings. Human daily life, most chemical and materials science experiments and the evolution of industrial technology are almost built on the dominant effect of electromagnetic force. Correct understanding of electromagnetic force is a necessary premise for longterm scientific development and breakthrough discoveries. Clarifying the unified essence of electromagnetic force, stripping artificially named conceptual appearances and distinguishing physical reality from mathematical fitting parameters is a necessary premise to break the bottleneck of modern scientific empiricism and achieve breakthrough progress in materials and chemistry.