Evidence of the anti-migratory and cytotoxic effects of Annona crassiflora Mart. extracts on prostate cancer cell responses with different androgen-dependence profiles

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease, particularly challenging at advanced and metastatic stages. Araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.), a fruit native to the Brazilian Cerrado, contains bioactive compounds in its peel and seeds. This study investigated the effects of A. crassiflora peel (APE) and seed (ASE) extracts on cell viability and migration in PCa cell lines with different androgen-dependence profiles. Both extracts reduced cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with LNCaP cells showing the greatest sensitivity. ASE reduced LNCaP viability at 3 µg/mL after 24 h and 1 µg/mL after 48 h. In migration assays, ASE reduced wound closure in PC-3 cells from 61.41% to 46.24% and in LNCaP cells from 14.57% to 10.97%. APE reduced PC-3 wound closure from 51.74% to 16.12%. Overall, ASE showed greater biological activity, while AR-positive cells were more sensitive to both extracts.