Entanglement Crossovers Under Time-Dependent U(1) Symmetry Breaking in Monitored Quantum Circuits

Conservation laws reshape quantum information dynamics by restricting how scrambling can occur. In monitored circuits, this raises a natural dynamical question: when a symmetry constraint is gradually relaxed, how quickly do the entanglement dynamics forget the symmetric regime? We address this question in one-dimensional monitored random circuits by driving the two-qubit gate ensemble from exact U(1) conservation toward unconstrained Haar dynamics. The response is not instantaneous: the entanglement retains a finite-depth memory of the conserving dynamics and crosses over toward the unconstrained behavior over a rate-dependent time window. Operational 25%, 50%, and 75% crossover times all move to later circuit depths for slower drives. At p=0.4, the same rate ordering is also observed through L=32 in a finite-time matrix-product-state consistency check with a limited trajectory ensemble. By contrast, the weak fixed perturbations studied here, ϵ(t)=ϵ0≤0.1, remain close to the conserving reference over the same finite observation window. Within this finite-time window, the driven crossover is therefore not reproduced merely by waiting under the fixed perturbations tested. Purification dynamics from a maximally mixed state exhibit the same qualitative response. We therefore interpret the results as a finite-time dynamical crossover from symmetry-constrained dynamics toward less constrained scrambling, rather than as evidence for a universal crossover exponent or a microscopic noise law. The study provides a controlled setting for asking how long symmetry-dependent information-processing behavior persists as a conservation law is deliberately weakened.

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Publication Details

Journal
Entropy
Published
2026-10-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/e28101120
Primary Topic
Quantum many-body systems
Type
article
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article

Entanglement Crossovers Under Time-Dependent U(1) Symmetry Breaking in Monitored Quantum Circuits

Zhou Shangnan, Terrence Lingzhu Zhao
Entropy
Quantum many-body systems
article

Entanglement Crossovers Under Time-Dependent U(1) Symmetry Breaking in Monitored Quantum Circuits

Zhou Shangnan, Terrence Lingzhu Zhao
article en

Abstract

Conservation laws reshape quantum information dynamics by restricting how scrambling can occur. In monitored circuits, this raises a natural dynamical question: when a symmetry constraint is gradually relaxed, how quickly do the entanglement dynamics forget the symmetric regime? We address this question in one-dimensional monitored random circuits by driving the two-qubit gate ensemble from exact U(1) conservation toward unconstrained Haar dynamics. The response is not instantaneous: the entanglement retains a finite-depth memory of the conserving dynamics and crosses over toward the unconstrained behavior over a rate-dependent time window. Operational 25%, 50%, and 75% crossover times all move to later circuit depths for slower drives. At p=0.4, the same rate ordering is also observed through L=32 in a finite-time matrix-product-state consistency check with a limited trajectory ensemble. By contrast, the weak fixed perturbations studied here, ϵ(t)=ϵ0≤0.1, remain close to the conserving reference over the same finite observation window. Within this finite-time window, the driven crossover is therefore not reproduced merely by waiting under the fixed perturbations tested. Purification dynamics from a maximally mixed state exhibit the same qualitative response. We therefore interpret the results as a finite-time dynamical crossover from symmetry-constrained dynamics toward less constrained scrambling, rather than as evidence for a universal crossover exponent or a microscopic noise law. The study provides a controlled setting for asking how long symmetry-dependent information-processing behavior persists as a conservation law is deliberately weakened.

EntropyVol. 28(10)
Greenwood Genetic Center (US), New York University (US), Stanford University (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 31%
Quantum many-body systems
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