Density regions, integer certificates and packing colorings of distance graphs

We study the interaction between low and high packing colors of integer distance graphs. For D(1,6), the results include exact low-color density regions, component-dependent differences between periodic and ordinary density realization, a logarithmic deficit threshold, and a fixed finite description of eventual low-high regions. The maximum union density of colors 1 through 7 is 211/252, with sharp stability coefficient 137/177 and individual-frequency rigidity. For high indices 36+14t, where t is a nonnegative integer, a complete seven-vertex region has earliest stable residue-class start 36. Applications give 17 <= chi_rho(D(1,6)) <= 20, 18 <= chi_rho(D(1,8)) <= 22 and chi_rho(D(1,9)) <= 17. The mandatory technical supplement and exact computational certificates form part of the proof. Preprint. Not externally peer reviewed. The main paper must be read with the mandatory technical supplement and the accompanying evidence archives.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22562360
Primary Topic
Graph theory and applications
Type
preprint
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preprint

Density regions, integer certificates and packing colorings of distance graphs

Enkai Zhang
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Graph theory and applications
preprint

Density regions, integer certificates and packing colorings of distance graphs

Enkai Zhang
preprint en

Abstract

We study the interaction between low and high packing colors of integer distance graphs. For D(1,6), the results include exact low-color density regions, component-dependent differences between periodic and ordinary density realization, a logarithmic deficit threshold, and a fixed finite description of eventual low-high regions. The maximum union density of colors 1 through 7 is 211/252, with sharp stability coefficient 137/177 and individual-frequency rigidity. For high indices 36+14t, where t is a nonnegative integer, a complete seven-vertex region has earliest stable residue-class start 36. Applications give 17 <= chi_rho(D(1,6)) <= 20, 18 <= chi_rho(D(1,8)) <= 22 and chi_rho(D(1,9)) <= 17. The mandatory technical supplement and exact computational certificates form part of the proof. Preprint. Not externally peer reviewed. The main paper must be read with the mandatory technical supplement and the accompanying evidence archives.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
University of Toronto (CA)
Graph theory and applications
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