Prevalence and determinants of disability among the elderly population in Northern Bangladesh

Background Disability is a major global public health concern involving impairments that limit daily functioning and reflect population health and healthcare burden especially for elderly population. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors of disability among the elderly population. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted among 540 elderly individuals residing in northern Bangladesh. Data were collected from June 5 to August 18, 2022. Participants reporting difficulties in body functions, performing basic activities, or engaging in normal social activities were classified as having a disability (1 = Yes). In line with the study objectives, descriptive statistics were used to determine prevalence of disability, while the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify the associated factors of disability. Results The study found that 72.60% of the elderly population suffered from disability, with 60.50% being male and 39.50% female. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age 70 years and above, lower education, living with others, lack of social support, presence of morbidity, and poor self-rated health were significantly associated with disability among the elderly. Conclusion Disability is highly prevalent among the elderly population in the study area, with several modifiable factors showing significant associations. Implementing targeted social support, health education, and chronic disease management programs may help reduce the burden of disability among elderly individuals.