Bacterial adaptation to essential oils and their main compounds in food systems: mechanisms related to antibacterial resistance

Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of volatile metabolites with strong biological properties. Their multi-target mechanisms confer rapid bactericidal activity, lowering the likelihood of resistance development compared to antibiotics. This review examines bacterial responses to EO-induced damage, including adaptation, tolerance, resistance, cross‑adaptation, and collateral sensitivity, which are often overlooked in existing reviews of EOs’ biological efficacy. Additionally, it links EO-adaptation to food, including application methods, biofilms, and interactions with food components.

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Publication Details

Journal
npj Science of Food
Published
2026-09-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-026-01119-5
Primary Topic
Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Bacterial adaptation to essential oils and their main compounds in food systems: mechanisms related to antibacterial resistance

Tarik Aanniz, Nadia Ziyate, Waleed Al Abdulmonem, Abdelhakim Bouyahya et al.
npj Science of Food
Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
article

Bacterial adaptation to essential oils and their main compounds in food systems: mechanisms related to antibacterial resistance

Tarik Aanniz, Nadia Ziyate, Waleed Al Abdulmonem, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Oumayma Aguerd, Zineb Soubai, Rim Rais, Mohammed Alorini, Learn-Han Lee, Hiba Mahir
article en

Abstract

Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of volatile metabolites with strong biological properties. Their multi-target mechanisms confer rapid bactericidal activity, lowering the likelihood of resistance development compared to antibiotics. This review examines bacterial responses to EO-induced damage, including adaptation, tolerance, resistance, cross‑adaptation, and collateral sensitivity, which are often overlooked in existing reviews of EOs’ biological efficacy. Additionally, it links EO-adaptation to food, including application methods, biofilms, and interactions with food components.

npj Science of Food
Monash University Malaysia (MY), Mohammed V University (MA), University of Nottingham Ningbo China (CN), Qassim University (SA), Université Ibn-Tofail (MA), Office National de l'Eau Potable (MA)
Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Qassim University
Zero hunger
Openalex Percentile: Top 14%
Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
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Bacterial adaptation to essential oils and their main compounds in food systems: mechanisms related to antibacterial resistance — Tarik Aanniz, Nadia Ziyate, et al. · npj Science of Food (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS