Effect of Delayed Presentation on the Prognosis of Snakebite Victims at a Tertiary Care Hospital: The Golden Hour Matters

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Publication Details

Journal
Cureus
Published
2026-09-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.115910
Primary Topic
Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Effect of Delayed Presentation on the Prognosis of Snakebite Victims at a Tertiary Care Hospital: The Golden Hour Matters

Mukul Sharma, Vikash Chandra, Shivangini Srivastava
Cureus
Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies
article

Effect of Delayed Presentation on the Prognosis of Snakebite Victims at a Tertiary Care Hospital: The Golden Hour Matters

Mukul Sharma, Vikash Chandra, Shivangini Srivastava
article en

Abstract

Introduction: Snakebite envenomation is one of the important public health problems in India, and many deaths and morbidity in rural areas are attributed to snakebite envenomation.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of time from bite to hospital on clinical outcomes of snakebite patients admitted to a tertiary care centre in Uttar Pradesh.Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raebareli, for a period of one year, from March 2025 to March 2026.A total of 30 envenomated patients who were confirmed to have been bitten by snakes were included and divided into four groups: Group I (patients bitten within six hours), Group II (six to 12 hours), Group III (12-18 hours), and Group IV (18-24 hours).Severity of disease, systemic toxicity, anti-snake venom (ASV) requirements, complications, and mortality were assessed.Results: The mean age was 28.0 years (range 9-70).Most patients were male (53.3%) and from low socioeconomic backgrounds (53.3%).Lower limb bites predominated (53.3%).Dyspnoea and drowsiness were universal (100%).Out of four deaths, one occurred in patients presenting within six hours and three deaths in patients presenting between 18 and 24 hours, with 75% mortality in the 18-24-hour group (3/4) versus 7.1% in the zero-to-six-hour group (1/14).Recovery rates were highest in the zero-to-six-hour group (71.4%).Conclusion: Delayed hospital presentation is strongly associated with worse outcomes in snakebite envenomation.The "golden hour" principle is reaffirmed, and early ASV administration within six hours significantly improves survival.

Cureus
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (IN)
Gender equality
Openalex Percentile: Top 11%
Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies
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