EDDE-MT-Based Detection-Record Integrity and DV-QKD with Side-Channel Monitoring Using DVQMTC and E-TeLU-Bi-LSTM for Securing CPS

Discrete-Variable Quantum Key Distribution (DV-QKD) provides a mechanism for establishing secret keys between legitimate parties using quantum-state transmission and authenticated classical post-processing. In this work, the underlying quantum layer follows a biased-basis decoy-state BB84 model using phase-randomized weak coherent pulses, while additional implementation-level mechanisms are integrated to support Cyber-Physical System (CPS) communication. Exponential Double Delta Encoding-based Merkle Tree (EDDE-MT) is employed as a receiver-side detection-record integrity mechanism for detecting deletion, insertion, reordering, or modification of records relative to an authenticated committed detection-event batch. It does not establish the completeness of the original TCSPC acquisition, detect records omitted before commitment, detect physical photon loss, or increase the information-theoretic secrecy of the QKD key. Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) is used for detection-event and timing acquisition, while 2’s Complement Cyclic Redundancy Check-based Low-Density Parity Check (2CCRC-LDPC) supports error reconciliation. Following privacy amplification, the legitimate parties retain matching copies of the distilled QKD key locally. Discrete Variable Quantum Mellin Transform Cryptography (DVQMTC) uses fresh, non-reused segments of this privacy-amplified key for application-layer payload protection; the Mellin-transform component is treated only as implementation-level preprocessing and not as a cryptographic key-generation mechanism. Side-channel monitoring is performed using Gini Cramer’s V Correlation-Stationary Wavelet Transform (GCVC-SWT), Helical Valley-Principal Component Analysis (HV-PCA), and an Entmax-based hyperbolic Tangent exponential Linear Unit-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (E-TeLU-Bi-LSTM) classifier. On the AES-HD benchmark, E-TeLU-Bi-LSTM achieved 99.24% classification accuracy; this value represents benchmark-level classification performance and is not interpreted as experimental validation of physical side-channel protection in a deployed DV-QKD system. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and the Halton Quasi-Sequence-Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithm (HQS-IWOA) are further incorporated as classical network-resource segmentation and load-management mechanisms and do not modify the composable QKD security bound. The contribution of the work is therefore positioned as a system-level engineering integration of QKD key establishment, detection-record integrity, reconciliation, application-layer data protection, side-channel monitoring, and network-resource management for CPS. The information-theoretic secrecy claim remains restricted to the underlying finite-key decoy-state BB84 procedure under the stated security assumptions; no new QKD security theorem, formally new cryptographic primitive, or experimentally validated physical quantum communication capability is claimed.

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Publication Details

Journal
Quantum Reports
Published
2026-09-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum8030091
Primary Topic
Quantum Information and Cryptography
Type
article
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article

EDDE-MT-Based Detection-Record Integrity and DV-QKD with Side-Channel Monitoring Using DVQMTC and E-TeLU-Bi-LSTM for Securing CPS

P. Chinnasamy, P. Deepalakshmi, Ezhil Kalaimannan, Vidhya Prakash Rajendran
Quantum Reports
Quantum Information and Cryptography
article

EDDE-MT-Based Detection-Record Integrity and DV-QKD with Side-Channel Monitoring Using DVQMTC and E-TeLU-Bi-LSTM for Securing CPS

P. Chinnasamy, P. Deepalakshmi, Ezhil Kalaimannan, Vidhya Prakash Rajendran
article en

Abstract

Discrete-Variable Quantum Key Distribution (DV-QKD) provides a mechanism for establishing secret keys between legitimate parties using quantum-state transmission and authenticated classical post-processing. In this work, the underlying quantum layer follows a biased-basis decoy-state BB84 model using phase-randomized weak coherent pulses, while additional implementation-level mechanisms are integrated to support Cyber-Physical System (CPS) communication. Exponential Double Delta Encoding-based Merkle Tree (EDDE-MT) is employed as a receiver-side detection-record integrity mechanism for detecting deletion, insertion, reordering, or modification of records relative to an authenticated committed detection-event batch. It does not establish the completeness of the original TCSPC acquisition, detect records omitted before commitment, detect physical photon loss, or increase the information-theoretic secrecy of the QKD key. Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) is used for detection-event and timing acquisition, while 2’s Complement Cyclic Redundancy Check-based Low-Density Parity Check (2CCRC-LDPC) supports error reconciliation. Following privacy amplification, the legitimate parties retain matching copies of the distilled QKD key locally. Discrete Variable Quantum Mellin Transform Cryptography (DVQMTC) uses fresh, non-reused segments of this privacy-amplified key for application-layer payload protection; the Mellin-transform component is treated only as implementation-level preprocessing and not as a cryptographic key-generation mechanism. Side-channel monitoring is performed using Gini Cramer’s V Correlation-Stationary Wavelet Transform (GCVC-SWT), Helical Valley-Principal Component Analysis (HV-PCA), and an Entmax-based hyperbolic Tangent exponential Linear Unit-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (E-TeLU-Bi-LSTM) classifier. On the AES-HD benchmark, E-TeLU-Bi-LSTM achieved 99.24% classification accuracy; this value represents benchmark-level classification performance and is not interpreted as experimental validation of physical side-channel protection in a deployed DV-QKD system. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and the Halton Quasi-Sequence-Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithm (HQS-IWOA) are further incorporated as classical network-resource segmentation and load-management mechanisms and do not modify the composable QKD security bound. The contribution of the work is therefore positioned as a system-level engineering integration of QKD key establishment, detection-record integrity, reconciliation, application-layer data protection, side-channel monitoring, and network-resource management for CPS. The information-theoretic secrecy claim remains restricted to the underlying finite-key decoy-state BB84 procedure under the stated security assumptions; no new QKD security theorem, formally new cryptographic primitive, or experimentally validated physical quantum communication capability is claimed.

Quantum ReportsVol. 8(3)
College of Applied Sciences, Nizwa (OM), University of West Florida (US), Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (IN)
Peace, Justice and strong institutions
Openalex Percentile: Top 8%
Quantum Information and Cryptography
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