A year-long upper-ocean dataset from a submesoscale- and mesoscale-resolving mooring array in the Northeast Atlantic

Submesoscale processes are central to upper-ocean stratification, cross-scale energy transfers, and vertical tracer transport, yet observations that resolve their transient variability over seasonal timescales remain scarce. Here, we present a year-long record of upper-ocean observations from a moored array designed to simultaneously resolve submesoscale and mesoscale variability. The mooring array was deployed in the northeast Atlantic (48.63°–48.75°N, 16.09°–16.27°W) from September 2012 to September 2013 as part of the Ocean Surface Mixing, Ocean Submesoscale Interaction Study (OSMOSIS) project. The array comprises nine subsurface moorings arranged as two concentric quadrilaterals (side lengths ~2 km and ~13 km) surrounding a central mooring, providing year-long measurements of upper-ocean temperature, salinity, and horizontal velocity. The dataset has supported numerous studies of submesoscale dynamics and offers opportunities to investigate multi-scale interactions, evaluate high-resolution simulations, and assess ocean reanalyses and data-assimilation products.