Two-step chiral ring exchange forced by conjugate representations in an SU(3) honeycomb magnet

On a bipartite lattice whose two sublattices carry conjugate representations of SU(N), the cyclic advance that moves each site state one step around a plaquette is not invariant: it commutes only with the real orthogonal subgroup SO(N). The obstruction survives a change of basis exactly when the fundamental and its conjugate are inequivalent, which is to say for every N of at least three; at N = 2 a local rotation on one sublattice removes it. The smallest invariant power of the advance is the two-step rotation R = P^2. This work develops the consequences for N = 3 on the honeycomb lattice, a case in which arguments of Lieb-Schultz-Mattis type indicate that a featureless gapped ground state is not available. Labeling the six sites of a hexagon so that 1, 3, 5 lie on one sublattice and 2, 4, 6 on the other, the time-reversal-odd part of R decomposes exactly as i(R - R^dagger) = 4( chi_135 X_246 + X_135 chi_246 ), where chi is the SU(3) scalar chirality of a sublattice triangle and X is the time-reversal-even ring exchange of its partner. The identity does not depend on how the representations are assigned. Schur-Weyl duality fixes the underlying three-site identity i(P - P^dagger) = 4 chi up to a constant, and an elementary commutator fixes that constant to 4 for every N. Together with the Heisenberg exchange, unique because the bond representation is multiplicity free, these leave a one-parameter model. Exact diagonalization on honeycomb tori of 12 and 16 sites shows that the two-step term leaves the ground state an exact SU(3) singlet, while the forbidden one-step term carries it out of the singlet sector. The single-site reduced density matrix stays maximally mixed in both cases, and invariance under SO(3) alone is responsible, so a measured entropy below ln 3 tests the real subgroup and not the full color symmetry. Neither cluster is large enough to settle the strong-coupling phase, and the manuscript states what a larger calculation would require and in which symmetry sector it should be performed. All numerical results are reproducible from the companion code archive linked below.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22557432
Primary Topic
Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
Type
preprint
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preprint

Two-step chiral ring exchange forced by conjugate representations in an SU(3) honeycomb magnet

Yohannes Dereje Alemayehu
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
preprint

Two-step chiral ring exchange forced by conjugate representations in an SU(3) honeycomb magnet

Yohannes Dereje Alemayehu
preprint en

Abstract

On a bipartite lattice whose two sublattices carry conjugate representations of SU(N), the cyclic advance that moves each site state one step around a plaquette is not invariant: it commutes only with the real orthogonal subgroup SO(N). The obstruction survives a change of basis exactly when the fundamental and its conjugate are inequivalent, which is to say for every N of at least three; at N = 2 a local rotation on one sublattice removes it. The smallest invariant power of the advance is the two-step rotation R = P^2. This work develops the consequences for N = 3 on the honeycomb lattice, a case in which arguments of Lieb-Schultz-Mattis type indicate that a featureless gapped ground state is not available. Labeling the six sites of a hexagon so that 1, 3, 5 lie on one sublattice and 2, 4, 6 on the other, the time-reversal-odd part of R decomposes exactly as i(R - R^dagger) = 4( chi_135 X_246 + X_135 chi_246 ), where chi is the SU(3) scalar chirality of a sublattice triangle and X is the time-reversal-even ring exchange of its partner. The identity does not depend on how the representations are assigned. Schur-Weyl duality fixes the underlying three-site identity i(P - P^dagger) = 4 chi up to a constant, and an elementary commutator fixes that constant to 4 for every N. Together with the Heisenberg exchange, unique because the bond representation is multiplicity free, these leave a one-parameter model. Exact diagonalization on honeycomb tori of 12 and 16 sites shows that the two-step term leaves the ground state an exact SU(3) singlet, while the forbidden one-step term carries it out of the singlet sector. The single-site reduced density matrix stays maximally mixed in both cases, and invariance under SO(3) alone is responsible, so a measured entropy below ln 3 tests the real subgroup and not the full color symmetry. Neither cluster is large enough to settle the strong-coupling phase, and the manuscript states what a larger calculation would require and in which symmetry sector it should be performed. All numerical results are reproducible from the companion code archive linked below.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
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