Primon-Theory: Dynamical Modelling of Electromagnetic Vortical-Flow and Benchmark-Validation against the Maxwell System

Based on the underlying framework of the Primon theory, this paper takes the indivisible Primon oscillatory unit as the minimal research primitive. Abandoning the abstract-void field postulate of classical electromagnetism, it attributes all electromagnetic phenomena to two types of physical motions of Primon-oscillatory-unit clusters: radial dilation-compression and tangential circumferential vortical-flow. Built upon the differing physical behaviours of the two perturbation modes, a dynamical system of equations with dual coupling coefficients is constructed. It achieves strict mathematical isomorphism and full numerical equivalence with the Maxwell system, while completely replacing its physical mechanism. Through precise benchmarking of independent radial and tangential coupling coefficients, this work resolves the intrinsic drawbacks of classical field theory, namely the absence of material carriers and dynamical mechanisms. The transverse-wave propagation law is naturally derived from the physical perturbation equations. It clarifies that the speed of light is an inherent transmission property of the Primon background medium rather than a spacetime-geometric parameter. The model strictly distinguishes the linear valid regime under weak-field conditions and the nonlinear failure boundary under strong-field conditions. Falsifiable predictions concerning phase shifts under extremely strong field and ultra-long-range propagation conditions are reserved. This provides a self-consistent and complete underlying theoretical framework for the physical reconstruction and boundary-extension of classical electromagnetism. Note: The term "medium" used in this paper is a descriptive shorthand only. Its physical referent is neither the continuous material medium nor the aether of classical physics; instead, it describes the relaypropagation effect of perturbations among discrete clusters of Primon vibration units.