Exploring Drivers’ Perspectives on In-Vehicle Artificial Intelligence: A Focus Group Study

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into vehicles, but drivers’ acceptance may depend on how these systems communicate, share control, intervene for safety, and handle data. This study used two focus groups with 13 licensed young adult drivers to examine their current use of in-vehicle technologies and reactions to three scenario-based AI roles: Advisor, Co-Pilot, and Guardian. Four themes emerged: system explainability, maintained control, acceptance based on safety, and data transparency. Participants were generally receptive to AI that supported awareness and safety while preserving driver authority. Advisor AI was valued when it provided timely and specific information, Co-Pilot AI was more acceptable when assistance was predictable and easy to override, and Guardian AI was accepted primarily for brief intervention in high-risk situations. Participants also expected adjustable communication settings and transparent data practices. The findings indicate that acceptance of in-vehicle AI depends on clear communication, appropriate control boundaries, safety-relevant intervention, and responsible data use.