Synthesis of V 2 O 5 doped MgO/TiO 2 nanocomposites for efficient and rapid removal of organic pollutants from water

Water pollution is a pressing global concern that persists, especially with ongoing population growth. Herein, magnesium oxide/titanium dioxide (MgO/TiO₂) (MgTi1), 2.5% vanadium (V) oxide (V₂O₅)@MgO/TiO₂ (MgTi2), 5% V₂O₅@MgO/TiO₂ (MgTi3), and 10% V₂O₅@MgO/TiO₂ (MgTi4) nanocomposites were prepared as environmentally friendly adsorbents for the removal of the basic fuchsine dye (BFD). The prepared MgTi1, MgTi2, MgTi3, and MgTi4 showed size ranges of (7.7-34.9), (3.1-22.9), (3.9-23.1), and (6.3-27.2) nm, respectively, and surface areas of 170.54, 235.38, 211.86, and 175.25 m 2 g -1 , yielding q t values of 124.2, 238.6, 215.48, and 213.8 mg g -1 , respectively. BFD sorption onto MgTi-based nanocomposites followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating interactions between sorbent and sorbate, as well as sorbate-sorbate. At 20°C, the BFD sorption by the MgTi2 followed the Langmuir model, while at 50°C, the BFD sorption showed better agreement with the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the elimination of BFD by MgTi2 was endothermic and spontaneous. The use of MgTi2 as the optimal sorbent for removing BFD from the groundwater and seawater samples demonstrated average efficiencies of 98.92% and 94.04%, respectively. An investigation into the regeneration and reusability of MgTi2 over 5 cycles revealed an average efficiency of 96.4%, indicating that MgTi2 is an effective and economically viable sorbent for the remediation of BFD-contaminated wastewater.