Why the Golden Ratio Selects the Prime Three

For denominators n = 3m with m = 2a5c and nonnegative integers a and c, the proper fractions split into three residue classes. Counting terminating fractions together with those whose repetend matches 1/n gives alignment (2m - 1)/(3m - 1). This exceeds 1/φ, where φ = (1 + √5)/2, exactly when m ≥ 4 in the supported family. The real crossing occurs at m = φ2. In a base b ≡ 1 (mod p) with p prime, the same count for b-supported m gives (2m - 1)/(pm - 1). Among odd primes only p = 3 can cross the golden threshold; prime two has alignment one. The reciprocal-square condition on the real critical resolution yields the cubic τ3 - τ2 - pτ + 2 = 0. For prime parameters it factors over Q exactly at 2, 3, and 5. Its thresholds at 3 and 5 are 1/φ and 1/φ2; at primes p ≥ 7 they have degree three and lie in no quadratic field. Among prime-associated thresholds satisfying this condition, 1/φ is the unique value in (2/5, 2/3).

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-05
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22345453
Primary Topic
Analytic Number Theory Research
Type
preprint
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preprint

Why the Golden Ratio Selects the Prime Three

Alexander S. Petty
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Analytic Number Theory Research
preprint

Why the Golden Ratio Selects the Prime Three

Alexander S. Petty
preprint en

Abstract

For denominators n = 3m with m = 2a5c and nonnegative integers a and c, the proper fractions split into three residue classes. Counting terminating fractions together with those whose repetend matches 1/n gives alignment (2m - 1)/(3m - 1). This exceeds 1/φ, where φ = (1 + √5)/2, exactly when m ≥ 4 in the supported family. The real crossing occurs at m = φ2. In a base b ≡ 1 (mod p) with p prime, the same count for b-supported m gives (2m - 1)/(pm - 1). Among odd primes only p = 3 can cross the golden threshold; prime two has alignment one. The reciprocal-square condition on the real critical resolution yields the cubic τ3 - τ2 - pτ + 2 = 0. For prime parameters it factors over Q exactly at 2, 3, and 5. Its thresholds at 3 and 5 are 1/φ and 1/φ2; at primes p ≥ 7 they have degree three and lie in no quadratic field. Among prime-associated thresholds satisfying this condition, 1/φ is the unique value in (2/5, 2/3).

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Analytic Number Theory Research
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