Aphrodisiac Use and Sexual Performance Pressures Among University Students in Ghana: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study

Objective Aphrodisiac use among young adults is increasingly recognized as a socially embedded practice shaped by sexual performance pressures, peer influence, and evolving norms of desirability. Within university contexts, these dynamics intersect with identity exploration and heightened expectations around sexual competence. However, limited qualitative research has examined how students understand and navigate aphrodisiac use within these contexts, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods This study employed a descriptive phenomenological design guided by Colaizzi’s method to explore the lived experiences of aphrodisiac use among undergraduate students in Ghana. A total of 53 students aged 18–25 years participated, with 45 taking part in seven focus group discussions and eight participating in in-depth interviews. Data were collected using semi-structured guides and analyzed using Colaizzi’s method(Colaizzi, Citation1978).Results Three major themes emerged: (1) typologies of aphrodisiacs, including herbal products, pharmaceutical drugs, and improvised mixtures; (2) motivations for use, driven by sexual performance concerns, peer influence, and partner expectations; and (3) unintended consequences, including health risks, dependency, stigma, and academic disruption. Aphrodisiac use was shaped by socially constructed performance norms and reinforced through peer interactions. Narratives concerning direct personal use of aphrodisiacs were reported predominantly by male participants, while female participants demonstrated considerable awareness and discussed use within peer and relationship contexts.Conclusion Aphrodisiac use among university students in Ghana is closely linked to sexual performance pressures and peer dynamics rather than solely individual choice. These findings highlight the need for sexual health interventions that move beyond risk-focused approaches to incorporate relational dynamics and positive sexuality frameworks. Addressing performance-related expectations and improving access to accurate, pleasure-informed sexual health information may support healthier decision-making among young adults.