Lower eGFR is independently associated with embolization‑requiring severe bleeding after percutaneous renal biopsy: a matched case–control study with dose–respons e analysis

BACKGROUND: Reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a suspected risk factor for bleeding after percutaneous renal biopsy, but its association with hemorrhage requiring embolization is unclear. We evaluated this association using a matched case‑control study. METHODS: ). Multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, subgroup analyses, LASSO regression, and sensitivity analyses (ROC curve, dichotomized eGFR, complete‑case analysis) were performed. RESULTS: = 0.03), with a significant dose‑response trend (P for trend = 0.02). Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a linear inverse association. Results were consistent across subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Lower eGFR may be independently associated with increased risk of embolization-requiring bleeding after renal biopsy in a linear dose-response manner. Given the limited sample size, these exploratory findings require validation in larger, prospective cohorts. eGFR may aid in preoperative risk stratification.