Fractal Flow Characterization of Multiscale Fracture Networks in Hydraulically Fractured Dolomite Reservoirs Using Rate Transient Analysis

Conventional Rate Transient Analysis (RTA) models, based on homogeneous fracture assumptions, are inadequate for characterizing flow in complex fracture networks of heterogeneous unconventional reservoirs. This study develops a fractal-based RTA (FD-RTA) workflow integrating lithofacies analysis, microseismic fracture interpretation, and post-fracturing production data from the Yingxiongling shale oil field in the Q’aidam Basin. The workflow is applied to eight horizontal wells completed in layered and laminated dolomites. Results show that the two lithofacies exhibit distinct fractal flow behaviors. Layered dolomite tends to develop preferential flow pathways, characterized by rapid initial depletion followed by declining supply capacity, with the half-flow dimension (δ) decreasing from 0.299 to 0.074 during production. Laminated dolomite displays stronger fracture-matrix interaction and sustained production performance, with δ increasing from 0.469 to 0.678 as multi-scale fractures are progressively activated. The FD-RTA workflow effectively links fracture complexity with production behavior, providing a dynamic characterization tool for evaluating hydraulic fracturing effectiveness in shale oil reservoirs.