GloPINE dataset: model-ready measurements of INP concentrations using PINE instruments

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are a subset of aerosol particles that facilitate the freezing of supercooled cloud droplets heterogeneously and influence the radiative properties of supercooled clouds. The role of INPs in the Earth system remains unquantified in part due to poorly constrained representations of their spatial distributions and properties in global and regional models. In this study, we present a quality controlled dataset (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16745514, Herbert et al., 2026), called GloPINE, comprising 70 000 h of INP concentrations measured using Portable Ice Nucleation Experiment (PINE) instruments that use an expansion chamber to make automated long-term (months to years) and high temporal resolution (<10 min). We collate measurements from 20 recent ground-based PINE field campaigns in the Northern Hemisphere conducted between January 2018 and December 2023, totaling more than 400 000 expansions, sampling over 800 m3 of ambient air, and performed under conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds. In the GloPINE dataset, we subset and average the PINE measurements across synoptically relevant time intervals of 6 h and 2 K temperature bins, providing 36 000 INP measurements. Combining PINE expansions over these intervals enhances counting statistics at higher freezing temperatures, decreases the lower limit of measurable INP concentrations, and provides an INP dataset readily applicable to model simulation data and meteorological reanalysis products. Together with complementary INP datasets, GloPINE provides a valuable resource for advancing model evaluation, improving INP source attribution, and informing parameterizations across the full temperature range over which aerosols influence ice formation in clouds.

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Publication Details

Journal
Earth system science data
Published
2026-09-04
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-6465-2026
Primary Topic
Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

GloPINE dataset: model-ready measurements of INP concentrations using PINE instruments

Athanasios Nenes, Ross Herbert, Larissa Lacher, Naruki Hiranuma et al.
Earth system science data
Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
article

GloPINE dataset: model-ready measurements of INP concentrations using PINE instruments

Athanasios Nenes, Ross Herbert, Larissa Lacher, Naruki Hiranuma, Romy Ullrich, Grant L. Forster, S. R. Arnold, Martin I. Daily, Franziska Vogel, Maria I. Gini, Radovan Krejčí, Pia Bogert, David Brus, Benjamin J. Murray, Dimitrios G. Georgakopoulos, A. Gannet Hallar, Elke Ludewig, Mark D. Tarn, Joseph R. Robinson, Evelyn Freney, Céline Planche, Alexander Böhmländer, K. S. Carslaw, Nicole Büttner, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Tuukka Petäjä, Kristina Höhler, Mauro Mazzola, Konstantinos Doulgeris, Ping Tian, Paul Zieger, Ottmar Möhler, Antoine Canzi, Sarah Barr, Ian B. McCubbin, Aidan Pantoya, Michael Adams
article en

Abstract

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are a subset of aerosol particles that facilitate the freezing of supercooled cloud droplets heterogeneously and influence the radiative properties of supercooled clouds. The role of INPs in the Earth system remains unquantified in part due to poorly constrained representations of their spatial distributions and properties in global and regional models. In this study, we present a quality controlled dataset (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16745514, Herbert et al., 2026), called GloPINE, comprising 70 000 h of INP concentrations measured using Portable Ice Nucleation Experiment (PINE) instruments that use an expansion chamber to make automated long-term (months to years) and high temporal resolution (<10 min). We collate measurements from 20 recent ground-based PINE field campaigns in the Northern Hemisphere conducted between January 2018 and December 2023, totaling more than 400 000 expansions, sampling over 800 m3 of ambient air, and performed under conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds. In the GloPINE dataset, we subset and average the PINE measurements across synoptically relevant time intervals of 6 h and 2 K temperature bins, providing 36 000 INP measurements. Combining PINE expansions over these intervals enhances counting statistics at higher freezing temperatures, decreases the lower limit of measurable INP concentrations, and provides an INP dataset readily applicable to model simulation data and meteorological reanalysis products. Together with complementary INP datasets, GloPINE provides a valuable resource for advancing model evaluation, improving INP source attribution, and informing parameterizations across the full temperature range over which aerosols influence ice formation in clouds.

Earth system science dataVol. 18(9)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE), Agricultural University of Athens (GR), University of East Anglia (GB), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), University of Leeds (GB), University of Helsinki (FI), Stockholm University (SE), The University of Texas at El Paso (US), University of Salzburg (AT), Institut Universitaire de France (FR), West Texas A&M University (US), National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos" (GR), University of Utah (US), Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (IT), National Centre for Atmospheric Science (GB), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (FR), Beijing Meteorological Bureau (CN), National Research Council (IT), Bolin Centre for Climate Research (SE), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Helsingin Yliopisto, UK Research and Innovation, University of Leeds, European Commission, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Academy of Finland, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Naturvårdsverket, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Stockholms Universitet, Directorate for Geosciences, Office of Science, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, LIFE programme, Natural Environment Research Council, European Regional Development Fund, Biological and Environmental Research, H2020 European Research Council
Openalex Percentile: Top 13%
Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
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