The Biotechnological Applications of Marine Bacteria

Marine bacteria represent a vast and largely untapped resource for biotechnological innovation, offering solutions to global challenges in health, sustainability, and environmental conservation. The ocean’s unique conditions have driven marine bacteria to evolve diverse metabolic capabilities, resulting in the production of bioactive compounds, enzymes, and other metabolites with wide-ranging applications. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing, metagenomics, and analytical chemistry have unlocked new opportunities for leveraging these microorganisms in fields as varied as medicine, agriculture, and bioremediation. This review highlights the role of marine bacteria in the One Health framework, showcasing their contributions to antimicrobial discovery, nutraceutical development, pathogen biocontrol, and environmental cleanup, including microplastic degradation. This review also examines emerging methodologies such as microbiome mining and advanced culturing techniques, which hold the key to realizing the full potential of marine bacteria in a sustainable bioeconomy. By bridging fundamental research with applied sciences, marine biotechnology promises to deliver transformative impacts on human, animal, and environmental health.