Bull-free graphs and χ -boundedness

A bull is a graph obtained from a four-vertex path by adding a vertex adjacent to the two middle vertices of the path. A graph G is bull-free if no induced subgraph of G is a bull. We prove that for all k , t ∈ ℕ , if G is a bull-free graph of clique number at most k and every triangle-free induced subgraph of G has chromatic number at most t , then G has chromatic number at most k O ( log t ) . We further show that the bound k O ( log t ) is best possible up to a multiplicative constant in the exponent. Thomassé, Trotignon, and Vušković (2017) were the first to give a bound of the form 2 p log p , where p = O ( k 2 + t ) , with a proof that uses Chudnovsky’s structure theorem for bull-free graphs. This was improved by Chudnovsky, Cook, Davies, and Oum (2026) to a bound of the form k O ( t ) , with a 10-page proof that again relies heavily on Chudnovsky’s structure theorem. Our proof is a single page long and completely avoids the structure theorem, instead using only a result of Chudnovsky and Safra (which itself has a short proof).

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Innovations in Graph Theory
Published
2026-09-04
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5802/igt.23
Primary Topic
Advanced Graph Theory Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Bull-free graphs and χ -boundedness

Sepehr Hajebi
Innovations in Graph Theory
Advanced Graph Theory Research
article

Bull-free graphs and χ -boundedness

Sepehr Hajebi
article en

Abstract

A bull is a graph obtained from a four-vertex path by adding a vertex adjacent to the two middle vertices of the path. A graph G is bull-free if no induced subgraph of G is a bull. We prove that for all k , t ∈ ℕ , if G is a bull-free graph of clique number at most k and every triangle-free induced subgraph of G has chromatic number at most t , then G has chromatic number at most k O ( log t ) . We further show that the bound k O ( log t ) is best possible up to a multiplicative constant in the exponent. Thomassé, Trotignon, and Vušković (2017) were the first to give a bound of the form 2 p log p , where p = O ( k 2 + t ) , with a proof that uses Chudnovsky’s structure theorem for bull-free graphs. This was improved by Chudnovsky, Cook, Davies, and Oum (2026) to a bound of the form k O ( t ) , with a 10-page proof that again relies heavily on Chudnovsky’s structure theorem. Our proof is a single page long and completely avoids the structure theorem, instead using only a result of Chudnovsky and Safra (which itself has a short proof).

Innovations in Graph TheoryVol. 3
University of Waterloo (CA)
Openalex Percentile: Top 9%
Advanced Graph Theory Research
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.