Advancing a model for ethical artificial intelligence (AI) integration in higher education from the results of a system-wide survey

As artificial intelligence (AI) transforms higher education, balancing academic integrity with learner autonomy has become essential for responsible technological engagement. Despite increasing AI adoption in academic settings, gaps remain in understanding how different stakeholder groups perceive the ethical use of AI and what factors influence their support for institutional technology policies. This study addresses these gaps by examining university stakeholders’ perceptions of ethical AI integration in higher education. A descriptive-comparative quantitative design and cross-sectional survey were used to collect data from educators and students across six campus sites in one of the largest university systems in the Philippines. The study aimed to determine (a) respondents’ demographic profiles, (b) their perceptions of the ethical use of AI, and (c) whether significant differences existed in these perceptions when demographic variables were considered. Results showed that faculty members generally maintained a neutral stance toward AI integration (M = 3.03; SD = 0.66), while students expressed stronger agreement with positive statements about AI use (M = 3.53; SD = 0.63). Both groups identified Potential Risk Management as the top priority and disagreed that AI could replace educators, while also acknowledging its potential to create unfair advantages. Significant differences in agreement with AI policy were observed across age, role, and campus affiliation. The study summarizes its findings in an “Arc Model,” which highlights the need for collective action to promote responsible AI use while maintaining ethical and academic integrity standards.