The Marvel of Gravitation — The Driving Force of Cosmic Evolution

Based on the theory of light origin, this paper proposes two cosmic systems: the energy state and the matter state. Free photons form the fundamental energy substrate of the universe, and matter originates from confined photons. The formation of matter generates the strong force, electromagnetic force and gravitation. Electromagnetic force and gravitation decay in inverse proportion to the square of distance, while the strong force exhibits exponential attenuation and only acts within the atomic nucleus. Observational features of galactic motion logically challenge the graviton hypothesis. Gravitation not only maintains orbital motion of celestial bodies but also governs the cyclic evolution of matter and energy in the universe. Gravitation accumulates matter to form black holes. Extreme temperature inside black holes converts matter into photon plasma. The plasma expands and cools through jets, regenerating material particles and completing cosmic cycles. Gravitation acts as the fundamental driving power of this process.