Moringa leaf mitigates 4G cell phone radiation-induced alterations in testicular histomorphometry and spermatogenesis during sexual maturation in Wistar rats

The use of android phones is alarmingly increasing among the late juvenile and adolescent population.The infertility results from the detrimental effects of cell phone electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on spermatogenesis.This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) in Wistar rat's testis against EMR from a 4G cell phone.Five sets of four-week-old male Wistar rats were created.Control group (n=3) with no cell phone; Sham group (n=3) with cell phone in switched-off mode; MOL-1 group (n=6) received 200 mg of ethanol extract of MOL per kg body weight per month.R1 group (n=6) exposed to 4G cell phone EMR for 96 minutes/day/one month; R1+MOL group (n=6) treated with MOL extract while exposed to EMR for one month.After the trial period, the rats were anesthetized and the testes were procured via trans-abdominal incision.The testes underwent routine histological processes for H&E staining.Histomorphometric analysis; quantitative evaluation of germ cells, Leydig cells, and seminiferous tubules; luminal and basal sperm head retention; Johnsen's biopsy score was done using H&E-stained slides.The Leydig cell count, the height of germinal epithelium, and the number of germ cells were significantly decreased in the R1 group (P<0.04).However, those variables were shielded from the EMR by MOL extract in the R1+MOL group (P<0.04).The ethanolic extract of MOL could safeguard the testis against the 4G cell phone EMR in young Wistar rats.