The Absence of Genetic Policing and Its Implications for Criminal Justice in Nigeria

The increasing complexity of criminal activities has exposed significant weaknesses in Nigeria's criminal justice system, particularly the limited application of forensic genetics in criminal investigations. This paper examined the absence of genetic policing and its implications for criminal justice in Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive approach by reviewing relevant literature on forensic DNA technology, criminal justice administration, and modern genetic policing practices. The paper found that Nigeria's criminal justice system continues to rely predominantly on eyewitness testimony, confessional statements, and circumstantial evidence, due to the absence of a comprehensive national DNA database, inadequate forensic laboratories, insufficient funding, shortage of trained forensic experts, and weak institutional and legal frameworks. The study further established that modern technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Facial DNA Phenotyping, Mobile DNA Collection Devices, Automated DNA Extraction Systems, and Rapid DNA Technology have significantly improved criminal investigations in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia by enhancing crime detection, suspect identification, evidence preservation, and prosecution. Consequently, the paper proposed a Genetic Criminal Investigative Model that integrates these technologies to strengthen evidence-based policing and improve criminal justice administration in Nigeria. The study concluded that adopting genetic policing would enhance the efficiency, transparency, and credibility of criminal investigations while reducing wrongful convictions and strengthening national security. It therefore recommended the establishment of a national DNA database, increased investment in forensic infrastructure, legislative reforms, and continuous capacity building for forensic and law enforcement personnel.