The impact of HIIT and CET exercise training on miR-98-5p and miR-135-5p expression levels in high-fat high-fructose diet-induced diabetic rats; an experimental and in silico analysis

Background In recent years, evidence has shown that miRNAs play a crucial role in initiating and progressing many physiological-pathological processes, including diabetes and exercise. Although exercise and diabetes have been shown to affect miRNA expression, little is known about their potential roles and mechanisms. This study investigated the effects of continuous endurance training (CET) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on plasma miR-98-5p and miR-135-5p expression in diabetic rats. Methods and results Current study investigated the effects of CET and HIIT on plasma miR-98-5p and miR-135-5p expression in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in the rats by a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFD). They were then divided into three categories: diabetics, CET, and HIIT groups. The expression of miR-98 and miR-135 were examined after eight weeks of exercise. Compared to CET, HIIT efficiently increased miR-98 and miR-135 expression in diabetic rats. In_silico investigation shows that both miRs influence biological pathways associated with diabetes, including the insulin signaling pathways. Conclusions Our results indicated that the miR-98-5p and miR-135-5p expression levels are deregulated in the diabetic rats. Furthermore, exercise, especially HIIT, is an effective strategy for increasing miR-98-5p and miR-135-5p and improving glycemic control, lipid profile, and insulin resistance.