Whole-of-system approach for program implementation: Lessons from the Australian Teletrial Program

Decentralized clinical trial (DCT) methods have evolved globally to improve access to clinical trials for rural, regional, and other underserved populations. Several countries, including Australia, have implemented DCT approaches with variable success.In Australia, the Australian Teletrial Model was developed and adopted as a national policy initiative to improve equitable access to clinical trials. The Australian Teletrial Program, funded by the Commonwealth Government, supported implementation across jurisdictions and health services.The program achieved several important outcomes, including the development of harmonized templates and processes, standard operating procedures, and education and training programs. It also improved patient access to trials and strengthened workforce capability across participating sites.Despite these achievements, several barriers continue to limit broader implementation and sustainability. These include workforce turnover, cumbersome approval processes, variable uptake across different levels of the health system and sponsors, and inconsistent leadership engagement and ownership. Such challenges have constrained scale and productivity.To fully realize the benefits of DCT models and support health equity objectives, a whole-of-system approach is required. Streamlined policies and processes, aligned governance, and sustained leadership commitment are needed to embed decentralized clinical trial models into routine healthcare delivery and ensure long-term sustainability, productivity, and equitable access to clinical research.