Interfacially coupled 2D CoS@MoS2 Heterostructures for ultrasensitive glucose detection in human urine

Advancing minimally invasive diabetes monitoring requires the development of sensitive and reliable glucose sensors that can detect glucose in biological fluids such as urine, without the need for blood sampling. Therefore, there is a growing need for glucose sensing devices that provide accurate and reliable detection while avoiding invasive blood collection. In this study, a 2D Interfacially coupled CoS@MoS₂ heterostructure was synthesized using a simple hydrothermal process and evaluated for glucose detection in human urine was investigated. The successful formation of a well-integrated CoS@MoS₂ heterointerface with enhanced electrocatalytic characteristics was confirmed through comprehensive structural, morphological, and compositional analyses using XRD, SEM, EDX, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, TEM and SAED. The CoS@MoS₂ modified GCE was found to have a rapid current response with approximately 3 s to reach a steady-state current reaction for the glucose oxidation in alkaline electrolyte. The sensor was able to show a linear response range of 0.01–0.20 mM, a very low detection limit of 1.10 nM and a high sensitivity of 915.50 μA mM −1 cm −2 under the optimized conditions. High spike-recovery results confirmed the excellent analytical accuracy, and the electrode showed good selectivity toward most urinary interferents. Moreover, glucose was successfully quantified in urine samples obtained from both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. The CoS@MoS 2 sensor demonstrated promising performance for glucose detection in urine; however, further validation with large and more clinically diverse cohorts is necessary to establish its reliability and potential for practical applications.