Optimizing timing of exercise to improve metabolic outcomes in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Exercise improves metabolic health in people with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the best time of day to exercise remains unclear. Evidence suggests morning exercise may better support weight loss, particularly in overweight/obesity, while afternoon exercise may improve glycemic control, especially in type 2 diabetes. However, some studies report no effect of exercise timing on metabolic benefits. Overall, exercise timing may offer outcome-specific advantages, but further research is needed to establish clear recommendations.