Synthesis and cytotoxic activity studies of novel heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone compounds as anticancer agents

Herein, novel heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone compounds (Hb 1 , Hb 2 , Hb 3 ) containing pyrimidine, imidazole, pyridine, and phenyl rings were synthesized via the condensation method as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. The structure of novel heterocyclic compounds was elucidated by using some spectroscopic techniques (organic elemental analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton/carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray image, and molar conductance measurement). The antiproliferative activity of novel heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone compounds using CVDK-8 cell viability assay. The viability assay was examined against A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cell line. All heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone compounds exhibited varying degrees of dose-dependent cytotoxic activity against A549 NSCLC cells. The results showed that the pyridine-based heterocyclic compound (Hb 3 ) was the most potent antiproliferative agent, demonstrating a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability at concentrations of 50 µg/mL and higher.