Autonomous Fire-Fighting Robotic Vehicle Using Arduino

Fire incidents in industrial, laboratory and restricted environments can expose firefighters to extreme temperature, toxic gases, explosions and structural hazards. This work presents the design and implementation of a compact autonomous fire-fighting robotic vehicle based on an Arduino Uno controller. The prototype integrates infrared flame sensors, geared DC motors, a motor driver, a servo-controlled water nozzle, a water pump, a lithium-ion battery and a microcontroller-based decision algorithm. The robot continuously monitors the fire-sensor outputs, determines the direction of the detected flame, moves toward the source and activates a water-spraying mechanism. The nozzle is swept by a servo motor to increase the effective coverage of the extinguishing stream. The original prototype dissertation demonstrates the complete hardware, software and control sequence, including forward, backward, left, right and stop functions. The present paper reformulates that work as a research article and identifies the experimental parameters that should be reported for publication-quality validation. The approach is intended as a low-cost platform for initial fire response in controlled indoor environments, rather than as a replacement for certified industrial firefighting equipment.