Harnessing networks for inclusive entrepreneurship: motivation and intentions as drivers of success for people with disabilities

Purpose By using social network theory (SNT), this study aims to hypothesize that networks directly and indirectly lead to entrepreneurial success/performance through intention. In particular, it explores how disabled entrepreneurs use these personal and professional networks to achieve success. Design/methodology/approach Through interview-based survey design, 400 people with disabilities (PwDs) were approached, of which 312 agreed to participate in the study. After removing incomplete responses, the final sample size comprises of 304 individuals with disabilities (PwDs). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Hayes’ PROCESS macro for SPSS. Findings The results revealed that networks positively and significantly contributed to entrepreneurial success, both directly and indirectly via entrepreneurial intention. The authors also found that entrepreneurial motivation moderated the relationship between networks and entrepreneurial intention, such that the relationship was positive and statistically significant when entrepreneurial motivation was high. In addition, the authors found that entrepreneurial motivation strengthened the indirect relationship between networks and entrepreneurial success via entrepreneurial intention. Research limitations/implications This research is based on data collected in Pakistan, where unique economic, educational and cultural factors shape the entrepreneurial landscape for PwDs. The role of social networks in entrepreneurial success may differ in other countries with stronger disability inclusivity, better financial policies, higher educational levels or higher digital penetration. Moreover, this study is based on cross-sectional data, which captures relationships between variables at a single point in time. However, entrepreneurship is a long-term process, and the role of networks may evolve as ventures grow or face challenges. Practical implications The findings suggest that highly motivated PwDs benefit more from their social ties, indicating that business development programs should incorporate motivation-enhancing elements such as tailored coaching, goal-setting workshops and exposure to successful role models. Moreover, beyond financial interventions, it is equally essential to establish social support and mentorship to empower PwDs with confidence and connections. While capital is a vital asset, entrepreneurial success for PwDs often hinges on economic issues and also promotes collaborative initiatives where PwDs can engage with entrepreneurial incubators and peer mentoring. Originality/value This study contributes significantly to the literature on disabled entrepreneurship by expanding the application of SNT in understanding entrepreneurial success among PwDs. Networks is a vital resource, providing opportunity, mentorship, legitimacy to business and access to finances, which are particularly important for PwDs, who often face structural barriers while starting a venture. While prior studies have examined networks in mainstream entrepreneurship, there is a limited understanding of how PwDs use their networks for business success, a gap this study addresses.